Synchronous and aSynchronous

Which communication forms are synchronous?
If i was chatting to my cousin in America there will be approx 10 hours different but we would be chatting at the same time but in a different place. It will have to be real time.
Which ones are asynchronous?
If i was to send an e-mail to my friend that would be ASynchronous because it would take more that a day for her to answer because it would not be like an instant messege.
What type of information would be conveyed by each form?
If it was a very big emergncy then you would have to use Synchronous communication example: If some one fantied on the floor you would have to call the nurse asap so you would call her not send her an e-mail.
If it was somthing small like you wanted to ask your friend if she has a dog you will send her an e-mail which is ASynchronous .
What is needed in hardware and software for each?
You could use your mobile, house phone, Computer like messenger, gmail and more.